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From SQLServer Performance]
SQL Server 2008 introduces a new feature called SQL Server Audit. Auditing a SQL Server database involves tracking and logging events that occur on the database. This feature enables Database Administrators to implement a strategy that they can use to meet the specific risks of their SQL Server 2008 databases.
The article continues at
http://www.sql-server-performance.com/articles/dba/Database_Audit_Specifications_in_SQL_Server_2008_p1.aspx